Characterization of hyperfine interaction between single electron and single nuclear spins in diamond assisted by quantum beat from the nuclear spin

摘要

Precise characterization of a hyperfine interaction is a prerequisite forhigh fidelity manipulations of electron and nuclear spins belonging to a hybridqubit register in diamond. Here, we demonstrate a novel scheme for determininga hyperfine interaction, using single-quantum and zero-quantum Ramsey fringes,by applying it to the system of a Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) center and a $^{13}$Cnuclear spin in the 1$^{\mathrm{st}}$ shell. The zero-quantum Ramsey fringe,analogous to the quantum beat in a $\Lambda$-type level structure, particularlyenhances the measurement precision for non-secular hyperfine terms. Precisionsless than 0.5 MHz in the estimation of all the components in the hyperfinetensor were achieved. Furthermore, for the first time we experimentallydetermined the principal axes of the hyperfine interaction in the system.Beyond the 1$^{\mathrm{st}}$ shell, this method can be universally applied toother $^{13}$C nuclear spins interacting with the NV center.